Tire-casing.



H. E. GRABAU & A C. SCHWARTZ.

me cAslNG. v APPLICATION FILED FEB. 8, I9l7.

Patient-ed May 22,1917.

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H. E. GRABAU & A C. SCHWARTZ.

Y TIRE CASING.

APPLICATION r1Lu1rEs.8, 1911. 1,227,426.

Patented May 22, 1917.

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'. SCHWARTZ.

. GRABAU & A C

TIRE CASING.

APPLLCATION FILED FEB. 8. 1917.

Pafented May 22, 1917.

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IIANS E. GRABAU, or LONG ISLAND CITY, AND A CHARLES soHwAIvraor NEW YORK,

N. Y. SAID GRABAU ASSIGNOR 'ro SAID SCHWARTZ.

TIRE-CASING.

Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inl Tire-Casings, of which will have superior strength and wearing vthe following is a description.

There are in general use at the 'present time two distinct types of pneumatic tires, namely, fabric tires and cord tires. In the manufacture of fabric tires, the carcassis built up by superposing a plurality.

of layers of relatively thin fabric, which are cemented together and to the tire beads'. The number of layers of fabric used varies, with the diiferentfmanufacturers, from v'e to seven, or even more. As a result, the cost of manufacture` is Vhigh 'because of the amount of labor required toapply the numerous layers,jand becausey of the fact that a large amount of expensive high grade rubber and cement is required to. Secure the layers together.

It is known that the major portion of the stress upon a tire is the bursting stress, which is jdue to the air pressure within, and which is resistedby the transverse'strengtln .of the tire or carcass.' The longitudinalstress, .due to the traction of the tire. upon l the road, is 'relatively small, and therefore layers of fabric be large, the strength of the'- the longitudinal strength of the tire need not be as great as its transverse strength.c I

In. fabric tires, however, the fabric is of the same strength transversely and longitudinally, and as aresult, in order that the transverse strength may approach the necessary value, there is present an excess of strength in the longitudinal direction. This method of 'construction is, therefore, extravagant -of material,v and even though the number of "'Itire is notsufiicient to insurl Satisfactory ditions.

wear, except under the most favorable con- The carcass of comes, to, some extent, certain of the 'disadvantages of the'fabric'tire, consists of one or more layers of cordwhich are'threaded backy speeication of Letters raient. Application :filed February 8, 1917. Serial No. M7369.

VStrips of fabric;

'the cord tire .which over-r v Patented May 22, 1917.

high Obliquity, which decreases their transverse eectiveness. Such tires cpst considerable more than fabric tires, because ofthe relatively large amount of labor, and the eX- pensive material required in their manufacture.

The general object-of o ur invention is to l provide, at reduced cost, a tire casing which We accomplish thisobject my employing a novel tire fabric, and by securing the fabric to the tire beads in an improved manner, all of which will be fullly described hereinafter."

' -The preferred embodiment ofthe invenltion is illustrated inthe drawings, in

Fig. 4 is asectio'nal view taken substan-` tially on the line 4-4-of Figs. 1 and 2;

'Fig. 5 is a similar sectional view taken on y l the. line 5-,-5 of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view similar-toFigs. 4f and 5, showing a modified formoffabric; VFig. 7 is a transverse` sectional View through a tire casing, showing'the' manner of varranging the stripsof fabric; Fig. 8 isJ aside 'elevation of a-'portion of a .tire casing with some of the parts broken away in order to more clearly illustrate 'the arrangement of the strands in .thesuccessive Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the casing, a portion being shown in section.` l As will be seen by reference to Fig. '1,' our improved fabric is composedv of transverse Strands 10, which may yconstitute the 'v 10.` Each "strand/1# '110.

f preferably consists of a plurality'of'threads ample, strandsin the course of theweaving they or members, which may be parallel, as indicated in the'drawing.`

lt is evident that this fabric has great transverse strength, not only because of the fac-t that the transverse strands themselves are strong and of large diameter, but also because of the fact that the use of warp or longitudinal threads of small diameter rcsults in vthere being a maximum number of transverse strands per unit length of inaterial.- Obviously, the number of transverse strands per unit length, and hence the strength of the material, increases as the distance between the strands is decreased by decreasing the size of the longitudinal,I

threads. We therefore employ longitudinal threads of a size just suicient to give the necessary longitudinal strength to the material; and as above pointed out, the required l longitudinal strength isslight as compared to the required transverse strength."

We have found a convenient and satisfactory method of Weaving-the above-described fabric, to consist in passing between alternate warp threads a continuous thread,

over and back around edge threads, such as indicated at 12 in Fig. 6, a sufficient n umber of times, until the strand is ofv required size. When this is completed, the'warps are reversed and the Operation is repeat ed until the next strand is of .the-desired size, and soon. Each strand is, there fore, in reality a coil, and its upper and lower halves may, if desired, be separated by intermediate warps 13, shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and These intermediate warps are, however, not considered necessary or desirable except for extremely large sizes, in which casethe fabric is preferably woven in .three orl four or moreplies, with interi'nediate'warps between each two.`

Obviously, ,other ymethods maybe em;

for weaving the fabric. For 'eX- ployed instead Aof building up the transverse may be previously builtup of a plurality of l 'threads or members, either partially or entirely tov the required size,v before being intei-*woven with thevvarp,` threads. In lany event, it is apparent that the resulting fabric is not only extremely strong transversely,

and sufficiently' strong longitudinally, but

vis also very pliable, which is an .important quality of tire fabrie.-

Thefabric may either be woven totheexact width required., or may be cut to th/e y desired width. lt is' preferably treated with rubberor rubber cement, before being aplied to the tire core, although this is not absolutelynecessary.l Also, previously tothe weaving,l the 'threads may be impregnated with asimilar substance, if desired.` The inner layer A of the fabric is placed similar to the edge threads 12.

on the core inthe usual way, except that its edges preferably surround the inner, lower and outer lsurfaces of the annular beads 14,

as clearly shown at'ly in Fig. 7 of the drawhydraulic pressure, the fabric is firmly an chored to thebeads. A narrow breaker strip A16, of desired kind of fabric, may be arranged outside of the strip B, as indicated, although it is not necessary. rllhe application of the tread rubber. 17 and the vulcanizing of the tire may be accomplished'in any convenient manner.

lin order that each of the strips A and B, may be formedinto a complete annulus, the two ends of each strip are overlapped and secured together by-vulcanizing under pressure in the usual manner. ln the drawing the. overlapped ends ofy the strip A are shown at C, and the overlapped ends of the strip B at D, it being noted that the two overlapped joints are 'spaced apart sutlti- .ciently to distribute whatever slight increase vin thickness of the carcass may result, and to equalize the strength of the casing. 1n overlapping the ends of the strips of our improved fabric, they are so placed that the strands of one end register with the spaces between the strandsl of the other end. Because of this arrangement,'and because of the fact that treason of their pliable land lsoft nature,"fthefstrands ofour fabric are readily flattened under the pressure applied in the manufacture of the tire, an overlappingjoint of 'minimi1m thickness is n 'It is obvious that the number of layers of fabric may vary, but we have found that two layers are sufficient for ordinary purposes. rThe fact that the circumference of Vthe tire at the bead is considerably less thanl at the tread, renders it necessary tp tuck or compress the edges of'the fabric in order that it may conform to the tire core. lWe have found that because of the extreme pliability .of our fabric, 'this tucking. or compressing is rendered very easy. In order to further facilitatel this operation, however, we may employ more Widely spaced j warp threads at the edges thanatthecenter drawing, whereby thel piiabiiay of the fabricat the edges is increased.

as Vindicatedv in Figs. 1 and 2 of the It maybe found advisable in some cases i to give the transverse strands of the tire fabric a slight Obliquity, as indicated in Fig.

2, in lorder. to increase the longitudinal strength without increasing they number or sitze of the warp or longitudinal threads.

This may be done either by weaving the transverse strands 1n an lnclined direction,

with respect to the warp threads, or by forci-v in either of the ways above mentioned, it

is found preferable to incline the strands of the various layers of fabric in opposite directions, as indicated in Fig. 8 of the dra-W- ing.

As will be evident from the above, our improved tire has many advantages over the tires now in common use. The most important advantages are its superior strength and wearing qualities. Also, since the layers of fabric may be applied in substantially the same manner as in the manufacture of ordinary fabric tires, the labor required in the manufacture of our improved tire, is only a fraction lof that necessary in the manufacture of other types of tires, such, for example, as the cord tire and the common fabric tire, which latter, as above stated, is built up of many more layers of fabric than are employed by us.

Another advantage of our improved tire resides in the reduction in the amount of rubber employed in the building up of the carcass. This not only reduces the cost of manufacture, but is important from another standpoint. When tires are used in hot weather, they become heated to such an extent that the rubber employed in the manufacture of the carcass becomes softened. This results, naturally, in a weakening of the carcass in 'proportion to the amount of rubber embodied therein, and often in a failure of the tire. By reducing the amount of rubber in the carcass to a minimum, as we are permitted to do because of the particular qualities of our improved fabric, we have found that the weakening of the casing, as the result of overheating, is negligible.

By employing fabric of the type described herein, We are enabled to make tires which are not only stronger than ordinary fabric tires, but which, because of the fact that the material is concentrated in the transverse strands where the greatest strength is required, are of lighter weight and more flexible and resilient.

We havealso discovered a peculiar advantage resulting from the inner surface of the shoe with which the tube contacts being ribbed transversely, as is the case when our improved fabric is employed. The crevices between the ribs are found to provide a storage for the lubricator, such as talc, which is customarily inserted between the tube and casing, and the lubrication is thus rendered much more eflicient.

Other advantages ofI our invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.4 While we have described herein an embodiment of our invention which we consider preferable, it is to be noted that wev do not Wish to limit ourselves to this particular4 embodiment, since 'obviously many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit'of our invention. l

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed and desired to be secured by the Letters Patent is:

l. A vehicle tire casing including a strip of fabric extending from bead to bead and forming a complete annulus,' said strip consisting of transverse flat strands made up of a plurality of. straight threads disposed parallel to each other in superposed layers, said flat strands being interwoven with a series of longitudinal threads spaced apart.

2. A vehicle tire casing including a strip of fabric extending from bead to bead and forming a complete annulus, said strip consisting of transverse flat strands made ,up of a plurality of straight threads disposed parallel to each other in superposed layers with interposed longitudinal straight threads, said flat strands being interwoven with a series of longitudinal threads spaced apart.

3. A vehicle tire casing including a strip of fabric extending from bead to bead and forming a lcomplete annulus, said strip con-A sisting of transverse flat strands made up of a plurality of straight threads disposed parallel to each other, and so interwoven with a series of longitudinal` threads that the threads of the strands shall constitute a straight bundle occupyingsubstantially all of the space inclosed by the longitudinal threads.

4. A'vehicle tire casing including a stripl of fabric extending from bead to bead and forming a complete annulus, said strip consisting of transverse flat strands made up solely of a plurality of straight threads disposed parallel to each other in superposed layers, said flat strands being interwoven w1th a series of longitudinal threads spaced apart.

5. A vehicle tire casing including an annular strip of fabric extending from bead y' to bead, said strip consisting of relativelyY large closely spaced vtransverse strands interwoven with relatively small longitudinal nular strip of fabric extending from bead' to bead and consisting of relatively large closely spaced transverse strands, and rela-- being greater adjacent a plurality spaced longitudinal between said threads the edges of the strip than at the center thereof. 7. A vehicle tire casing including an annular strip ot fabric extending from bead to bead, said strip having oblique transverse strands arranged side by side and connected by longitudinal threads, each strand consisting of a pluralityy of substantially paral* lel members extending throughout the width of the strip and about the edges thereof.

8. A vehicle tire casing including an' annular strip of fabric extending ,from bead to bead, said stripy havingtransverse strands arranged side by side and connected by longitudinal threads, each strand consisting of tively small widelyv threads, the spacing a thread extending across the strip and abou c the edges a plurality or1 times.

9. A vehicle tire casing including an annular strip of fabric extending from bead to bead, said strip having oblique transverse strands arranged side by side, a series of longitudinal threads interwoven with the strands, a longitudinal thread at each edge of the strip, each of said -strands comprising of members extending across inenten Y the strip and abontthe longitudinal edge threads.n

l0. A vehicle tire casing including an annular strip of `fabric extending -rom bead to benad, said strip arranged side by side, a series of longitudinal threads interwoven with the strands, a longitudinal thread at each edge of the strip, each of said strands comprising a thread extending across the strip and about the longitudinal edge threads a plurality of times.

11. A vehicle tire casing including an annular strip'oi fabric extending from bead to bead, said strip having oblique transverse strands arranged side by side, a series of lon# gitudinal threads interwoven with the strands, a longitudinal thread at each edge of the strip, a plurality of members extending -across the strip and about the longitudinal edge threads, and other spaced longitudinal threads extending between the upper and lower parts of the strands.

nxns n. Gennaio. x onxnnns sonwanrn having transverse strands v each of said strands comprising v 

